Inflatable Liner Systems

ABSTRACT

An inflatable liner with vibratory function related to lining mining hoppers and other such devices. The inflatable liner has an exterior expandable layer and ceramic wear layer beneath that assists maintaining a long-use-life of the inflatable liner. Use of the air-control device to rapidly inflate and deflate exterior expandable layer vibrates in the exterior expandable layer and assist removing unwanted material/debris from the exterior lining of exterior expandable layer to further maintain a long-life use of the inflatable liner and lower maintenance of the machinery/hopper.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation-in-part of, and is related toand claims priority from, application Ser. No. 13/010,418, filed Jan.20, 2011, entitled “INFLATABLE LINER SYSTEMS”, which prior applicationis related to and claims priority from prior provisional applicationSer. No. 61/297,634, filed Jan. 22, 2010, entitled “INFLATABLE LINERSYSTEMS”, and prior provisional application Ser. No. 61/320,384, filedApr. 2, 2010, entitled “INFLATABLE LINER SYSTEMS”, the contents of allof which are incorporated herein by this reference and are not admittedto be prior art with respect to the present invention by the mention inthis cross-reference section.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates to providing a system for improved wear linersused on machinery such as truck beds, hoppers, and heavy materialhaulers. More particularly, this invention relates to providing a wearliner system that both protects such material handling equipment fromabrasive wear and enhances the flow performance of the equipment bydislodging accumulations of bulk material, which tends to collect overthe surfaces of the wear liners during material handling operations.

Bulk material handling equipment is widely used in industry to transportmaterials, such as ores, while the ores are in a loose bulk form. Manyof the transported materials have a tendency to build up on the surfaceof the wear liners during material handling operations. If the materialbeing handled has sufficient cohesive strength, the stagnant materialbuildup can reduce the overall flow efficiency of the material handlingoperation and can often fully interrupt the material flow. A needtherefore exists for practical, cost-effective, and reliable solutionsaddressing these common and often costly problems.

OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION

A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide asystem overcoming the above-mentioned problems.

It is a further object and feature of the present invention to providesuch a system that improves the wear, durability and performance of wearliners, with particular focus on inflatable wear liners.

It is another object and feature of the present invention to providesuch a system of wear liners inflated using vibratory pulsing of apressurized fluid to incrementally deform the outer surface of theliners.

A further primary object and feature of the present invention is toprovide such a system that is efficient, inexpensive, and useful. Otherobjects and features of this invention will become apparent withreference to the following descriptions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this inventionprovides a system relating to preventing material from accumulating onat least one interior wall surface of at least one material deliverypassage during material handling operations, such system comprising: atleast one wear liner structured and arranged line the at least oneinterior wall surface of the at least one material delivery passage,such at least one wear liner comprising at least one material-exposedwear layer structured and arranged to reduce abrasive wear to the atleast one interior wall surface during such material handlingoperations, and at least one inflatable cavity structured and arrangedto allow pressurized air to be introduced between such at least onematerial-exposed wear layer and the at least one interior wall surface;at least one incremental inflator structured and arranged toincrementally inflate such at least one inflatable cavity usingpressurized air supplied to such at least one inflatable cavity in aseries of pressure pulses, each pressure pulse of the series separatedby a partial deflation of such at least one inflatable cavity; at leastone mount structured and arranged to mount such at least one wear linerover the at least one interior wall surface; wherein such at least onematerial-exposed wear layer comprises at least one deformablecomposition, wherein such incremental inflation of such at least oneinflatable cavity produces incremental outward deformation of such atleast one material-exposed wear layer; and wherein such incrementaloutward deformation of such at least one material-exposed wear layerassists in dislodging accumulations of the material within at least onematerial delivery passage during such material handling operations.

Moreover, it provides such a system wherein such at least oneincremental inflator comprises: at least one pressure access portstructured and arranged to access the pressurized air supplied from atleast one pressurized air source, in fluid communication with such atleast one pressure access port and such at least one inflatable cavity,at least one pneumatically-actuated control valve structured andarranged to control the introduction and discharge of the pressurizedair into and from such at least one inflatable cavity, and at least onepneumatic valve controller structured and arranged to pneumaticallycontrol the opening and closing of such at least onepneumatically-actuated control valve; wherein such at least onepneumatic valve controller comprises at least one valve pulserstructured and arranged to cyclically actuate the opening and closing ofsuch at least one pneumatically-actuated control valve to repeatedlyinflate and partially deflate such at least one inflatable cavity bysupplying the pressurized air in such series of pressure pulses.

Additionally, it provides such a system wherein such at least onepneumatic valve controller further comprises at least one electroniccontroller structured and arranged to electronically control theduration of the operation of such at least one valve pulser. Also, itprovides such a system wherein such at least one electronic controllercomprises: at least one computer processor to computer process at leastone set of program instructions governing the control outputs of such atleast one electronic controller; and at least one user programminginterface to enable user programming of such at least one set of programinstructions. In addition, it provides such a system wherein: such atleast one valve pulser comprises at least one frequency adjusterstructured and arranged to adjust the frequency of such series ofpressure pulses; and such at least one frequency adjuster is adjustableby the user. And, it provides such a system wherein such at least onematerial-exposed wear layer comprises: at least one abrasion-resistantcore comprising a plurality of abutting wear elements each wear elementof such plurality comprising a block of abrasion-resistant material; andat least one resilient encapsulator structured and arranged tosubstantially encapsulate such at least one abrasion-resistant core.

Further, it provides such a system wherein such at least one inflatablecavity comprises: at least one pressure boundary structured and arrangedto provide boundary containment of the pressurized air adjacent such atleast one material-exposed wear layer; wherein such at least onepressure boundary comprises at least one peripheral anchor to anchor atleast one peripheral portion of such at least one material-exposed wearlayer to such at least one pressure boundary; and in fluid communicationwith such at least one pneumatically-actuated control valve, at leastone pressure-boundary air passage structured and arranged to pass thepressurized air through such at least one pressure boundary to such atleast one inflatable cavity.

Even further, it provides such a system wherein such abrasion-resistantmaterial of each such wear element comprises substantially high-aluminaceramic. Moreover, it provides such a system wherein such at least oneresilient encapsulator comprises substantially resilient rubber.Additionally, it provides such a system wherein: such at least onepressure boundary comprises at least one rigid plate having at least oneinner boundary face and at least one continuous peripheral sidewallprojecting therefrom; such at least one peripheral anchor comprises atleast one linear bar mechanically joined with such at least one innerboundary face and firmly imbedded within such at least one resilientencapsulator. Also, it provides such a system wherein: such at least onerigid plate comprises substantially steel; and such at least one mountcomprises at least one threaded stud structured and arranged to receiveat least one threaded fastener to assist threaded fastening of such atleast one wear liner to the at least one interior wall surface.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this inventionprovides a system relating to preventing material from accumulating onat least one interior wall surface of at least one material deliverypassage during material handling operations, such system comprising: atleast one wear liner structured and arranged line the at least oneinterior wall surface of the at least one material delivery passage; andat least one periodic deformer structured and arranged to periodicallydeform such at least one deformable liner; wherein such at least onedeformable liner comprises at least one mount structured and arranged tofirmly mount such at least one deformable liner adjacent the at leastone interior wall surface at least one wear layer comprising at leastone material-exposed surface, such at least one wear layer structuredand arranged to reduce abrasive wear to the at least one interior wallsurface during such material handling operations, and at least oneinflatable cavity structured and arranged to allow at least onepositive-pressure fluid to be introduced between such at least onedeformable wear panel and the at least one interior wall surface;wherein such at least one periodic deformer comprises at least one fluidaccess port structured and arranged to access the at least onepositive-pressure fluid supplied from at least one positive-pressurefluid source, in fluid communication with such at least one fluid accessport and such at least one inflatable cavity at least one control valvestructured and arranged to control the introduction and discharge of theat least one positive-pressure fluid into and from such at least oneinflatable cavity, and at least one valve controller structured andarranged to control the opening and closing of such at least one controlvalve; wherein such at least one valve controller comprises at least onevalve pulser structured and arranged to cyclically actuate the openingand closing of such at least one control valve; wherein such cyclicactuation of such at least one control valve incrementally inflates suchat least one inflatable cavity by supplying the at least onepositive-pressure fluid in at least one series of pressure pulses;wherein each pressure pulse of the series is separated by a partialdeflation of such at least one inflatable cavity; wherein such at leastone wear layer comprises at least one deformable composition; whereinsuch incremental inflation and partial deflation of such at least oneinflatable cavity produces incremental outward deformation of such atleast one material-exposed surface; and wherein such incremental outwarddeformation of such at least one material-exposed surface assists indislodging accumulations of the material within at least one materialdelivery passage during such material handling operations. In addition,it provides such a system wherein: the at least one positive-pressurefluid comprises pressurized air; and such at least one periodic deformeris structured and arranged to utilize such pressurized air as the atleast one positive-pressure fluid. And, it provides such a systemwherein: such at least one control valve comprises at least onepneumatically-actuated valve structured and arranged to be actuated byat least one pulsed pneumatic signal; such at least one valve pulsercomprises at least one pneumatic-pulse generator structured and arrangedto output such at least one pulsed pneumatic signal using at least oneinput of the pressurized air; in fluid communication with at least onesource of the pressurized air, at least one electrically-actuated valvestructured and arranged to supply such at least one input of thepressurized air to such at least one pneumatic-pulse generator, thesupplying of such controlled delivery conditional on at least one changeof state of at least one electronic control signal received by such atleast one electrically-actuated valve, and at least one electroniccontroller structured and arranged to generate such at least oneelectronic control signal controlling the actuation of such at least oneelectrically-actuated valve.

Further, it provides such a system wherein such at least one electroniccontroller comprises at least one programmable logic controllercomprising at least one computer processor to computer process at leastone set of program instructions governing the output state of such atleast one electronic control signal. Even further, it provides such asystem wherein such at least one electronic controller further comprisesat least one user programming interface to enable user programming ofsuch at least one set of program instructions. Moreover, it providessuch a system wherein such at least one wear layer comprises: at leastone abrasion-resistant core comprising a plurality of abutting wearelements each wear element of such plurality comprising a monolithicsolid of abrasion-resistant material; at least one resilientencapsulator structured and arranged to substantially encapsulate suchat least one abrasion-resistant core; wherein such at least oneresilient encapsulator comprises such at least one material-exposedsurface, at least one inner encapsulator surface spaced opposite such atleast one material-exposed panel surface, and at least one peripheralportion extending peripherally between such at least onematerial-exposed panel surface and such at least one inner encapsulatorsurface; the system wherein such at least one inflatable cavitycomprises: at least one pressure boundary structured and arranged toprovide boundary containment of the pressurized air adjacent such atleast one inner surface; wherein such at least one pressure boundarycomprises at least one peripheral anchor to anchor such at least oneperipheral portion to such at least one pressure boundary; and in fluidcommunication with such at least one control valve, at least onepressure-boundary air passage structured and arranged to pass thepressurized air through such at least one pressure boundary to such atleast one inflatable cavity.

Additionally, it provides such a system wherein such abrasion-resistantmaterial of each such wear element comprises substantially high aluminaceramic. Also, it provides such a system wherein such at least oneresilient encapsulator comprises substantially resilient rubber. Inaddition, it provides such a system wherein: such at least one pressureboundary comprises at least one rigid plate having at least one innerboundary face and at least one continuous peripheral sidewall projectingtherefrom; such at least one peripheral anchor comprises at least onelinear bar mechanically joined with such at least one inner boundarysurface and firmly imbedded within such at least one resilientencapsulator. And, it provides such a system wherein: such at least onerigid plate comprises substantially steel; and such at least one mountcomprises at least one projection, permitting secure connection on auser-reachable side of the material handling device, preferably at leastone threaded stud structured and arranged to receive at least onethreaded fastener to assist threaded fastening of such at least onedeformable liner to the at least one interior wall surface.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this inventionprovides a method relating to preventing material from accumulating onat least one interior wall surface of at least one material deliverypassage during material handling operations, such method comprising thesteps of: providing at least one deformable liner structured andarranged to deformably line the at least one interior wall surface ofthe at least one material delivery passage, such at least one deformableliner comprising at least one deformable wear panel, comprising at leastone material-exposed panel surface, such at least one deformable wearpanel structured and arranged to reduce abrasive wear to the at leastone interior wall surface during such material handling operations, andat least one inflatable cavity structured and arranged to allowpressurized air to be introduced between such at least one deformablewear panel and the at least one interior wall surface; providing atleast one incremental deformer structured and arranged to incrementallydeform such at least one deformable liner by repeatedly inflating andpartially deflating such at least one inflatable cavity; mounting suchat least one deformable liner adjacent the at least one interior wallsurface; and periodically deforming such at least one deformable linerby repeatedly inflating and partially deflating such at least oneinflatable cavity by delivery of the pressurized air in a series ofpressure pulses; wherein such incremental inflation of such at least oneinflatable cavity produces incremental outward deformation of such atleast one material-exposed panel surface. In accordance with anotherpreferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a system relatingto preventing material from accumulating on at least one interior wallsurface of at least one material delivery passage during materialhandling operations, such system comprising: deformable liner means fordeformably lining the at least one interior wall surface of the at leastone material delivery passage; and periodic deformer means forperiodically deforming such deformable liner means to assist dislodgingaccumulations of the material within at least one material deliverypassage during such material handling operations; wherein suchdeformable liner means comprises mount means for firmly mounting suchdeformable liner means adjacent the at least one interior wall surfacedeformable wear surface means for reducing abrasive wear to the at leastone interior wall surface during such material handling operations, andinflatable cavity means for allowing at least one positive-pressurefluid to be introduced between such deformable wear surface means andthe at least one interior wall surface; wherein such periodic deformermeans comprises fluid access means for accessing the at least onepositive-pressure fluid supplied from at least one positive-pressurefluid source, in fluid communication with such fluid access means andsuch inflatable cavity means control valve means for controlling theintroduction and discharge of the at least one positive-pressure fluidinto and from such inflatable cavity means, and valve controller meansfor controlling the opening and closing of such control valve means;wherein such valve controller means comprises valve pulser means forcyclically actuating the opening and closing of such control valvemeans; wherein such cyclic actuation of such control valve meansincrementally inflates such inflatable cavity means by supplying the atleast one positive-pressure fluid in a series of pressure pulses;wherein such incremental inflation of such inflatable cavity meansproduces incremental outward deformation of such deformable wear surfacemeans; and wherein such incremental outward deformation of suchdeformable wear surface means assists in dislodging accumulations of thematerial within at least one material delivery passage during suchmaterial handling operations.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention thisinvention provides each and every novel feature, element, combination,step and/or method disclosed or suggested by this patent application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic perspective view, in partial section, of abulk-material delivery passage adapted to comprise a set of inflatablewear liners and pneumatic inflator apparatus, according to a preferredembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a front view, partially in section, of a single inflatablewear liner according to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows the sectional view 3-3 of FIG. 2, illustrating preferredinternal arrangements of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 shows a partial sectional view, magnified for clarity, of theinflatable wear liner depicted in FIG. 3, according to the preferredembodiment of the system.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the pneumatic inflator apparatus ofthe inflatable wear liner system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 shows a front view illustrating preferred arrangements of acabinet-type enclosure configured to enclose the operable components ofthe pneumatic inflator apparatus, according to a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a partial front view, magnified for clarity, of thepneumatic inflator apparatus depicted in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 shows a graphic plot, illustrating a representative pressure-timeprofile for a single incremental inflation cycle of the inflatable wearliner embodiment, according to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 9 shows a flow diagram illustrating a preferred method ofimplementing the preferred inflatable wear liner embodiments of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODES AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THEINVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic perspective view of the integration of apreferred embodiment of inflatable wear liner system 100 within arepresentative material handling apparatus (hereinafter referred to ashopper 101). Hopper 101 is depicted in partial section allowing theinternal material delivery passage 103 of the hopper to be viewedwithout obstruction. A typical configuration of hopper 101 is a wide,bin-like apparatus used to feed bulk materials 107 into anothertransport or processing apparatus. Generally, hopper 101 is open at thetop and tapers at the bottom, as shown. Those with ordinary skill in theart, upon reading this specification, will appreciate that, underappropriate circumstances, the use of the system in conjunction withother material handling apparatus, such as, for example, chutes, storagebins, conveyers, etc., may suffice.

Preferred embodiments of wear liner system 100, including the depictedinflatable wear liner embodiment 102, preferably comprise one or moremountable inflatable wear liners 104 interoperating with at least oneincremental inflator apparatus 106, as shown. In the depicted embodimentof FIG. 1, a set of inflatable wear liners 104 are mounted within theinternal material delivery passage 103, approximately below the point ofmaterial entry into hopper 101, as shown. Preferably, the set ofinflatable wear liners 104 are rigidly mounted to at least one interiorwall surface 109 of material delivery passage 103, as shown (at leastembodying herein at least one wear liner structured and arranged linethe at least one interior wall surface of the at least one materialdelivery passage). Each inflatable wear liner 104 preferably comprisesat least one material-exposed wear layer 108 preferably configured toreduce abrasive wear to interior wall surface 109 during such materialhandling operations. In addition, each inflatable wear liner 104preferably comprises at least one inflatable internal cavity 110 (asvisible within the partial cutaway) structured and arranged to allow atleast one positive-pressure fluid 111 to be introduced between wearlayer 108 and the interior wall surface 109. Preferably, installedliners are periodically inflated by incremental inflator apparatus 106.The preferred inflation process inflates inflatable internal cavity 110using a rapid sequence of positive pressure pulses separated by briefpartial deflations of the internal cavity, which preferably results inan outward deformation of the material-exposed wear layers 108 in anincremental “vibratory” manner. This preferred incremental “vibratory”outward deformation effectively dislodges any material buildups on thesurface of inflatable wear liners 104 (at least embodying herein atleast one deformable liner structured and arranged to deformably linethe at least one interior wall surface of the at least one materialdelivery passage).

FIG. 2 shows a front view, partially in section, of a single inflatablewear liner 104, according to the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 3shows the sectional view 3-3 of FIG. 2, illustrating preferred internalarrangements of inflatable wear liner 104. Inflatable wear liner 104preferably comprises a composite of the deformable wear layer 108 and atleast one supportive backing assembly 112, as shown. Wear layer 108preferably comprises an exposed outer wear surface 114, opposing innersurface 116, and a set of peripheral faces 118 extending between outerwear surface 114 and inner surface 116 as shown.

Backing assembly 112 preferably comprises a rigid backing plate 121having a planar inner face 115 from which a set of peripheral walls 120outwardly project, as shown. Wear layer 108 is preferably engaged withinbacking assembly 112 with inner surface 116 adjoining inner face 115 andthe peripheral faces 118 in contact with peripheral walls 120, as shown.Preferably, wear layer 108 and backing plate 121 together form acontinuous pressure boundary 113 that preferably defines the preferredinflatable internal cavity 110 of the liner.

Wear layer 108 preferably comprises a flexible composition capable ofoutward deformation when the underlying inflatable internal cavity 110is charged with the positive-pressure fluid 111. More specifically, wearlayer preferably comprises a deformable abrasion-resistant core 122embedded within a resilient encapsulation material 126, as shown.

Abrasion-resistant core 122 preferably comprises a plurality of abuttingwear elements 124, as shown. In one preferred embodiment of the system,each wear element 124 preferably comprises a rigid abrasion-resistantmaterial, more preferably a monolithic block of hard ceramic. In apreferred embodiment of the system, each wear element 124 comprisesouter dimensions of about 1½ inch square by about 1 inch thick. Wearelements 124 are preferably arranged to form a single continuous layerby abutting the sides of the blocks, as shown. The resulting arrangementof blocks is mechanically united by the resilient encapsulation material126 that substantially surrounds the ceramic blocks, as shown. It isnoted that abrasion-resistant core 122 is preferably located at or justbelow the exposed outer wear surface 114, as shown.

In one preferred embodiment of the system, the resilient encapsulationmaterial 126 comprises an elastomeric composition with at least onemolded rubber being most preferred for flexibility and impactattenuating characteristics. Wear layer 108 preferably comprises aminimum thickness of about 1½ inches. It is noted that applicant hassuccessfully tested high-impact wear layers 108 having a thickness of asmuch as 10 inches.

Both backing plate 121 and peripheral walls 120 are preferablyconstructed from steel plate. Peripheral walls 120 are preferablypermanently joined to backing plate 121 by thermal welding (preferablyusing continuous fillet welds applied both horizontally and vertically).

FIG. 4 shows a partial sectional view, magnified for clarity, ofinflatable wear liner 104 depicted in FIG. 3, according to the preferredembodiment of the system. Preferably, peripheral portion 130 of wearlayer 108 is joined to backing assembly 112 using a peripheral anchorassembly 128 and by metal priming. Peripheral anchor assembly 128 ispreferably joined with inner face 115 and located adjacent theoutwardly-projecting peripheral walls 120, as shown. Peripheral anchorassembly 128 is preferably configured to mechanically anchor aperipheral portion 130 of wear layer 108 to backing plate 121 (at leastembodying herein such at least one pressure boundary). Peripheral anchorassembly 128 preferably comprises a set of linear bars 136 mechanicallyjoined with inner face 115 and firmly imbedded within wear layer 108, asshown. In one preferred embodiment of the system, linear bars 136comprise steel concrete reinforcing bars having the customary pattern ofannular ridges, as shown. Linear bars 136 are preferably spaced awayfrom inner face 115 by steel spacers 138 having a thickness of about ¼inch. Preferably, steel spacers 138 are welded to both linear bars 136and inner face 115.

The outer peripheral portion 130 is also joined to backing plate 121 andperipheral walls 120 by bonding, preferably assisted by a bonding agentformulated to enhance the adhesion between the two materials. Beforemolding of the rubber takes place, the metal is prepared by degreasing,sandblasting, or shot blasting in order to completely free the surfacefrom rust and other impurities. The bonding agent is then applied tospecific areas of backing assembly 112. In preferred embodiments of thesystem wear elements 124 are also treated with an adhesion-enhancingprimer. The rubber is then placed into the mold for forming and curing.

Priming of backing assembly 112 is preferably limited to regions locatedbeyond an outer border 132 (indicated by the dashed-line depiction ofFIG. 2. Depending on the condition of the steel, the metal surfaces maybe sand blasted to remove surface contaminants that would otherwiseinhibit proper adhesion of the rubber. Preferably, central portion 134of inner surface 116 (located within outer border 132) is not adhered tothe steel. This preferred arrangement preferably establishes apressure-holding seal at the peripheral interface of the rubber/steelliner assembly, while preferably allowing central separation of therubber and steel necessary to form the preferred inflatable internalcavity 110 inside the outer border 132.

Backing plate 121 preferably comprises a set of mounts 140 to assistmounting inflatable wear liners 104 onto interior wall surface 109 ofhopper 101 or other user-preferred device. In one preferred embodimentof the system, mounts 140 comprise at least one projection permittingsecure connection on a user-reachable side of the material handlingdevice. In one preferred embodiment of the system mounts 140 comprise aset of threaded studs thermally welded to rear surface 142 of backingplate 121. Each threaded stud preferably passes through an interior wallsurface 109 of material delivery passage 103 and is preferably securedin place by threaded fastener 144 (at least embodying herein such atleast one mount comprises at least one threaded stud structured andarranged to receive at least one threaded fastener to assist threadedfastening of such at least one wear liner to the at least one interiorwall surface). Upon reading this specification, those with ordinaryskill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriatecircumstances, considering such issues as cost, intended use, userpreference, etc., other mounting arrangements such as, for example,magnetically held mountings, interference locks, clamps, etc., maysuffice.

To enable passage of positive-pressure fluid 111 to inflatable internalcavity 110, pressure boundary 113 is preferably fitted with at least oneair passage 139, as shown. Air passage 139 preferably comprises athreaded bung, or similar fitting, preferably mounted to backing plate121 by thermal welding, as shown (at least embodying herein, at leastone air passage to pass positive-pressure fluid through such at leastone pressure boundary to such at least one inflatable cavity).Preferably, air passage 139 is operably coupled to incremental inflatorapparatus 106, which is preferably configured to inflate and deflate theinflatable internal cavity 110 using positive-pressure fluid 111delivered in a rapid sequence of pressure pulses, each pulse separatedby a fractional exhausting of pressure from the internal cavity. Theeffect of such pulsed delivery is a vibratory outward deflection ofouter wear surface 114 (with each pulse incrementally expanding outerwear surface 114 toward a maximum line of outward deflection 146 shownin FIG. 3 and FIG. 5). Preferably, the liner is inflated toapproximately a maximum line of outward deflection 146, as indicated bythe dashed-line depiction, before being returned to the initialflattened shape, preferably by relieving the pressure within inflatableinternal cavity 110 (preferably equalizing to about the ambient pressureof the operational environment). Applicant found such vibratory movementto be unexpectedly effective in dislodging buildups of bulk materials107 adjacent inflatable wear liners 104 (at least embodying hereinwherein such outward deformation of such at least one material-exposedwear layer assists in dislodging accumulations of the material within atleast one material delivery passage during such material handlingoperations). Inflation is preferably repeated on at least oneuser-selected schedule, as described in the following sections.

FIG. 5 shows a diagram schematically illustrating a preferredarrangement of the primary functional components of incremental inflatorapparatus 106 of FIG. 1. FIG. 6 shows a front view illustratingpreferred arrangements of a cabinet-type enclosure 148 configured toenclose the operable components of incremental inflator apparatus 106,according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7shows a partial front view, magnified for clarity, of the incrementalinflator apparatus 106 depicted in FIG. 6.

Incremental inflator apparatus 106 (at least embodying herein at leastone periodic deformer structured and arranged to periodically deformsuch at least one deformable liner) preferably comprises input port 150,pneumatically-actuated control valve 152, pneumatic valve controllerassembly 154, pulse port 156, electrical power source 153, and thecabinet-type enclosure 148 used to enclose the assembly, as shown.

In a highly preferred embodiment of the system, pressurized air is usedas the preferred working fluid. Input port 150 is preferably coupled toat least one pressurized air source 151. One preferred embodiment of thesystem derives the pressurized air from an air-compressor unit 158 of atype having a mechanically-driven compressor and storage tank (asdiagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 1). Upon reading thisspecification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciatethat, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost,intended use, user preference, etc., other pressurized fluid sourcessuch as, for example, dedicated demand-type compressors located withinor adjacent the cabinet, a compressed-gas tank, etc., may suffice.

The input of pressurized air from air-compressor unit 158 is preferablyrouted through manually operated valve 159 and a conditioning circuit160 (e.g., filter, regulator, lubricator, pressure gauge, etc.) beforeentering pneumatically-actuated control valve 152 at inlet port 164, asshown. As illustrated in the schematic diagram, pneumatically-actuatedcontrol valve 152 is preferably in communication with both input port150 and inflatable internal cavity 110 via flow path 165 (preferablyconnecting pulse port 156 and air passage 139), as shown.

Pneumatically-actuated control valve 152 is preferably configured tocontrol the introduction and discharge of the pressurized air into andfrom inflatable internal cavity 110. More specifically,pneumatically-actuated control valve 152 preferably comprises anin-line, three-way, normally-closed valve having a remotely-operatedpneumatic pilot 162. A preferred three-way valve suitable for use aspneumatically-actuated control valve 152 preferably includes modelnumber N36471091 produced by Parker Hannifin of Cleveland, Ohio. Inpreferred operation, inlet port 164 of pneumatically-actuated controlvalve 152 is normally blocked and exhaust port 166 is normally open (andconnected with inflatable internal cavity 110 via the connective flowpath 165). This initial valve state preferably allows inflatableinternal cavity 110 to equalize to the ambient pressure of the workingenvironment. Application of an air signal 167 at pneumatic pilot 162preferably connects inlet port 164 to inflatable internal cavity 110 andblocks the flow path to exhaust port 166. This second valve state allowspressurized air from air-compressor unit 158 (or other source) to chargeinflatable internal cavity 110. Preferably, the air pressure range usedto charge inflatable internal cavity 110 is preferably between about 8pounds per square inch (psi) to about 20 psi.

The air signal used to actuate pneumatically-actuated control valve 152is preferably generated by pneumatic valve controller assembly 154 (atleast embodying herein at least one pneumatic valve controllerstructured and arranged to pneumatically control the opening and closingof such at least one pneumatically-actuated control valve). Pneumaticvalve controller assembly preferably comprises at least one valve pulser168 structured and arranged to rapidly “pulse” the operation ofpneumatically-actuated control valve. More specifically, valve pulser168 is preferably configured to generate a rapid succession of airsignals at a user-selectable pulse frequency.

Valve pulser 168 preferably comprises a pneumatic-pulse generator orelectric timer and timer-controlled solenoid valve whose basic function,when combined, is to generate the rapid sequence of pneumatic signalsused to actuate pneumatically-actuated control valve 152. Morespecifically, valve pulser 168 preferably consists of a pneumatic-pulsegenerator 170, electrically-actuated valve 172, and electroniccontroller 174, as shown.

Pneumatic-pulse generator 170 is preferably used to directly generatethe pulsed pneumatic signal passed to pneumatic pilot 162.Pneumatic-pulse generator 170 is preferably operated by an input of thepressurized air provided by electrically-actuated valve 172.

Electrically-actuated valve 172 is preferably configured to enable ordisable the passage of the pressurized air to pneumatic-pulse generator170. Operation of electrically-actuated valve 172 is preferablycontrolled through logic control provided by programmable electroniccontroller 174, as shown. The programmable electronic controller 174 ispreferably used to generate an electronic control signal 173 passed toelectrically-actuated valve 172. Actuation of electrically-actuatedvalve 172 is preferably based on the state of the electronic controlsignal supplied by electronic controller 174.

Electronic controller 174 preferably comprises at least one computerprocessor 176 interoperating with at least one set of programinstructions 178 stored within onboard computer memory 180. The outputstate of the electronic control signals communicated toelectrically-actuated valve 172 is preferably governed by the programinstructions 178 executed within computer processor 176. Electroniccontroller 174 preferably comprises at least one user programminginterface 182 to enable user programming of the program instructions178. Preferred program variables include frequency and duration of theactuation of electrically-actuated valve 172.

Pneumatic-pulse generator 170, electrically-actuated valve 172, andelectronic controller 174 preferably comprise a set of interoperatingmodular components derived from general industrial automation productlines. A preferred supplier of the components is Crouzet North Americaof Irvine Calif. and Parker Haflin Corporation of Cleveland Ohio. Apreferred Crouzet product suitable for use as pneumatic-pulse generator170 preferably includes adjustable frequency generator model 81-506-940.The Crouzet unit preferably comprises a frequency output manuallyadjustable between about 0.02 Hertz (Hz) and about 8 Hz. It is notedthat, within this preferred frequency range, the rate of activepositive-pressure charging of inflatable internal cavity 110 is greaterthan the rate of passive exhausting of air from the cavity (see thepressure-time profile illustrated in the graph of FIG. 8). Thispreferred pressure profile produces the dynamic outward deformation ofthe exposed outer wear surfaces 114 in addition to producing vibrationenergy, which is preferably imparted to the bulk materials during theinflation cycle.

A preferred product suitable for use as electrically-actuated valve 172preferably comprises a 3-way PS1E series electro-pneumatic interfacevalve for 110-volt alternating current (AC) produced by Parker Haflin.Such electro-pneumatic interface valve is preferably accompanied bysupportive accessories appropriate to the installation, preferablyincluding head and tail sets for (DIN) rail mounting, electricalbreakers, etc. It is noted that Appendix A includes a schematic diagramillustrating a preferred electrical supply and controller arrangementssupporting the operation of electrically-actuated valve 172 andelectronic controller 174.

A preferred Crouzet product suitable for use as electronic controller174 preferably includes the MILLENIUM 3 range of programmable logiccontrollers. Program instructions 178 are preferably developed usingproprietary Crouzet logic controller software provided with the unit.Other timing functions are preferably set using the built-in userprogramming interface 182, which preferably enables direct usermanipulation of the program instructions. Upon reading thisspecification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciatethat, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost,user preference, etc., other control arrangements such as, for example,simple electronic timers, remote computer interfaces and/or controls,etc., may suffice.

The hardware of the conditioning circuit 160, pneumatically-actuatedcontrol valve 152, and pneumatic valve controller assembly 154 arepreferably housed within the cabinet-type enclosure 148, as shown. Thecomponents of pneumatic valve controller assembly 154 are preferablymounted to the interior of cabinet-type enclosure 148 using a DIN-typemounting rail 184 (see FIG. 6 and FIG. 7). A DIN rail is a standardized35 mm-wide metal rail with a “hat-shaped” cross section. Upon readingthis specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will nowappreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering suchissues as cost, advances in mounting technology, user preference, etc.,other mounting arrangements such as, for example, Unistrut®-type channelmounts, rack-mounting hardware, cabinet-specific mounts, magneticmounts, etc., may suffice.

In preferred use, one or more inflatable wear liners 104 of inflatablewear liner embodiment 102 are installed on the interior wall surfaces109 hopper 101 (or other user-preferred device). As material is passedthrough the hopper, the inflatable wear liners 104 assist reducing thewear and abrasion to the internal surfaces of the hopper. Inflatablewear liner embodiment 102 maintains the flow performance of hopper 101by periodically dislodging accumulations of cohesive bulk materials,which tends to collect over the surfaces of inflatable wear liners 104during the material handling operations.

Certain materials, especially cohesive materials, introduced into hopper101 often develop bridges, rat holes, and similar flow-inhibitingdeposits within the material delivery passage 103. In such cases, thesystem can be programmed to periodically initiate an inflation cyclewhereby the inflatable wear liners 104 undergo the above-describedvibratory inflation. In such an inflation cycle, any stagnant buildup ofcohesive material is effectively dislodged by the combined outwarddeformation and vibration of the inflatable wear liners 104.

In most installations, a single pneumatic inflator apparatus 106 can beused to inflate four individual inflatable wear liners 104 (each onepreferably comprising an internal volume approximately equivalent to theothers). In this preferred arrangement, the connective flow path 165 ispreferably configured to form a manifold distribution of air pressurebetween the inflator apparatus and the multiple inflatable liners.

FIG. 8 shows a graphic plot, illustrating a representative pressure-timeprofile 200 correlating to a single incremental inflation cycle 202 ofinflatable wear liner embodiment 102, according to the preferredembodiment of FIG. 1. The horizontal divisions of the diagram representa timescale 204 indicating the time interval in which the incrementalinflation cycle 202 occurs. The vertical divisions of the diagramindicate the relative pressure levels within inflatable internal cavity110. As indicated in the plot, inflatable internal cavity 110 isincrementally inflated using a rapid sequence of positive pressurepulses separated by small deflationary pressure drops within theinternal cavity. The effect of such pulsed delivery is a vibratoryoutward deflection of outer wear surface 114 (with each pulseincrementally expanding outer wear surface 114 toward a maximum line ofoutward deflection 146 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5). Applicant hasdetermined that such outward deflection, when combined with suchvibratory transitional movement, to be unexpectedly effective indislodging stagnant bulk materials within material handling passage.

FIG. 9 shows a flow diagram illustrating a preferred method 300 ofimplementing the preferred inflatable wear liner embodiments 102 of thepresent invention. Method 300 preferably relates to using inflatablewear liner embodiment 102 to prevent the bulk materials fromaccumulating within material delivery passage 103 during materialhandling operations.

In initial preferred step 302, one or more inflatable wear liners 104are provided to line interior wall surface 109 of material deliverypassage 103. Next, as indicated in preferred step 304, inflatable wearliners 104 are mounted adjacent interior wall surface 109. Next, asindicated in preferred step 306, at least one pneumatic inflatorapparatus 106 (at least embodying herein at least one pneumaticdeformer) is provided to periodically deform inflatable wear liners 104by incrementally inflating the pneumatic inflator apparatus 106 is usedto periodically deform inflatable wear liners 104 by incrementallyinflating the inflatable internal cavities 110 of the liners by deliveryof the pressurized air a series of discrete pulses, thereby dislodgingany buildup of stagnant bulk material within the material deliverypassageinflatable internal cavities 110 of the liners. This preferredstep also preferably includes operably coupling pneumatic inflatorapparatus 106 inflatable wear liners 104, as described in the priorteachings. Next, as indicated in preferred step 308, pneumatic inflatorapparatus 106 is used to periodically deform inflatable wear liners 104by incrementally inflating the inflatable internal cavities 110 of theliners by delivery of the pressurized air a series of discrete pulses,thereby dislodging any buildup of stagnant bulk material within thematerial delivery passage.

Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the artwill now appreciate that, the illustrated inflatable wear liners 104 isrepresentative of a preferred embodiment, however, other sizes andarrangements may suffice.

Although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments ofthis invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of thisinvention includes modifications such as diverse shapes, sizes, andmaterials. Such scope is limited only by the below claims as read inconnection with the above specification. Further, many other advantagesof applicant's invention will be apparent to those skilled in the artfrom the above descriptions and the below claims.

What is claimed is: 1) A system relating to preventing material fromaccumulating on at least one interior wall surface of at least onematerial delivery passage during material handling operations, saidsystem comprising: a) at least one wear liner structured and arrangedline the at least one interior wall surface of the at least one materialdelivery passage, such at least one wear liner comprising i) at leastone material-exposed wear layer structured and arranged to reduceabrasive wear to the at least one interior wall surface during suchmaterial handling operations, and ii) at least one inflatable cavitystructured and arranged to allow pressurized air to be introducedbetween said at least one material-exposed wear layer and the at leastone interior wall surface; b) at least one incremental inflatorstructured and arranged to incrementally inflate said at least oneinflatable cavity using pressurized air supplied to said at least oneinflatable cavity in at least one series of pressure pulses, eachpressure pulse of the at least one series separated by at least onepartial deflation of said at least one inflatable cavity; c) at leastone mount structured and arranged to mount said at least one wear linerover the at least one interior wall surface; d) wherein said at leastone material-exposed wear layer comprises at least one deformablecomposition, e) wherein such incremental inflation of such at least oneinflatable cavity produces incremental outward deformation of said atleast one material-exposed wear layer; and f) wherein such incrementaloutward deformation of said at least one material-exposed wear layerassists in dislodging accumulations of the material within at least onematerial delivery passage during such material handling operations. 2)The system according to claim 1 wherein said at least one incrementalinflator comprises: a) at least one pressure access port structured andarranged to access the pressurized air supplied from at least onepressurized air source, b) in fluid communication with said at least onepressure access port and said at least one inflatable cavity, at leastone pneumatically-actuated control valve structured and arranged tocontrol the introduction and discharge of pressurized air into and fromsaid at least one inflatable cavity, and c) at least one pneumatic valvecontroller structured and arranged to pneumatically control opening andclosing of said at least one pneumatically-actuated control valve; d)wherein said at least one pneumatic valve controller comprises at leastone valve pulser structured and arranged to cyclically actuate openingand closing of said at least one pneumatically-actuated control valve torepeatedly inflate and partially deflate said at least one inflatablecavity by supplying pressurized air in at least one series of pressurepulses. 3) The system according to claim 2 wherein said at least onepneumatic valve controller further comprises at least one controllerstructured and arranged to electronically control the duration of theoperation of said at least one valve pulser. 4) The system according toclaim 3 wherein said at least one controller comprises: a) at least onecomputer processor to computer process at least one set of programinstructions governing control outputs of said at least one controller;and b) at least one user programming interface. 5) The system accordingto claim 2 wherein: a) said at least one valve pulser comprises at leastone frequency adjuster structured and arranged to adjust the frequencyof such series of pressure pulses; and b) said at least one frequencyadjuster is adjustable by a user. 6) The system according to claim 2wherein said at least one material-exposed wear layer comprises: a) atleast one abrasion-resistant core comprising a plurality of abuttingwear elements each wear element of said plurality comprising a block ofabrasion-resistant material; and b) at least one resilient encapsulatorstructured and arranged to substantially encapsulate said at least oneabrasion-resistant core. 7) The system according to claim 6 wherein saidat least one inflatable cavity comprises: a) at least one pressureboundary structured and arranged to provide boundary containment of thepressurized air adjacent said at least one material-exposed wear layer;b) wherein said at least one pressure boundary comprises at least oneperipheral anchor to anchor at least one peripheral portion of said atleast one material-exposed wear layer to said at least one pressureboundary; and c) in fluid communication with said at least onepneumatically-actuated control valve, at least one pressure-boundary airpassage structured and arranged to pass the pressurized air through saidat least one pressure boundary to said at least one inflatable cavity.8) The system according to claim 6 wherein said abrasion-resistantmaterial of each said wear element comprises at least one ceramic. 9)The system according to claim 6 wherein said at least one resilientencapsulator comprises rubber. 10) The system according to claim 7wherein: a) said at least one pressure boundary comprises at least onerigid plate having at least one inner boundary face and at least onecontinuous peripheral sidewall projecting therefrom; b) said at leastone peripheral anchor comprises at least one linear bar mechanicallyjoined with said at least one inner boundary face and firmly imbeddedwithin said at least one resilient encapsulator. 11) The systemaccording to claim 7 wherein: a) said at least one rigid plate comprisessteel; and b) said at least one mount comprises at least one threadedstud structured and arranged to receive at least one threaded fastenerto assist threaded fastening of said at least one wear liner to the atleast one interior wall surface. 12) A system relating to preventingmaterial from accumulating on at least one interior wall surface of atleast one material delivery passage during material handling operations,said system comprising: a) at least one wear liner structured andarranged line the at least one interior wall surface of the at least onematerial delivery passage; and b) at least one periodic deformerstructured and arranged to periodically deform said at least onedeformable liner; c) wherein said at least one deformable linercomprises i) at least one mount structured and arranged to firmly mountsaid at least one deformable liner adjacent the at least one interiorwall surface, ii) at least one wear layer comprising at least onematerial-exposed surface, said at least one wear layer structured andarranged to reduce abrasive wear to the at least one interior wallsurface during such material handling operations, and iii) at least oneinflatable cavity structured and arranged to allow at least onepositive-pressure fluid to be introduced between said at least onedeformable wear panel and the at least one interior wall surface; d)wherein said at least one periodic deformer comprises i) at least onefluid access port structured and arranged to access the at least onepositive-pressure fluid supplied from at least one positive-pressurefluid source, ii) in fluid communication with said at least one fluidaccess port and said at least one inflatable cavity, at least onecontrol valve structured and arranged to control the introduction anddischarge of the at least one positive-pressure fluid into and from saidat least one inflatable cavity, and iii) at least one valve controllerstructured and arranged to control the opening and closing of said atleast one control valve, iv) wherein said at least one valve controllercomprises at least one valve pulser structured and arranged tocyclically actuate opening and closing of said at least one controlvalve; e) wherein such cyclic actuation of said at least one controlvalve incrementally inflates said at least one inflatable cavity bysupplying the at least one positive-pressure fluid in at least oneseries of pressure pulses; f) wherein each pressure pulse of the atleast one series is separated by at least one partial deflation of saidat least one inflatable cavity; g) wherein said at least one wear layercomprises at least one deformable composition; h) wherein incrementalinflation and partial deflation of said at least one inflatable cavityproduces incremental outward deformation of said at least onematerial-exposed surface; and i) wherein incremental outward deformationof said at least one material-exposed surface assists in dislodgingaccumulations of material within at least one material delivery passageduring material handling operations. 13) The system according to claim12 wherein: a) the at least one positive-pressure fluid comprisespressurized air; and b) said at least one periodic deformer isstructured and arranged to utilize the pressurized air as the at leastone positive-pressure fluid. 14) The system according to claim 13wherein: a) said at least one control valve comprises at least onepneumatically-actuated valve structured and arranged to be actuated byat least one pulsed pneumatic signal; b) said at least one valve pulsercomprises i) at least one pneumatic-pulse generator structured andarranged to output such at least one pulsed pneumatic signal using atleast one input of the pressurized air; ii) in fluid communication withat least one source of pressurized air, at least oneelectrically-actuated valve structured and arranged to supply at leastone input of pressurized air to said at least one pneumatic-pulsegenerator, the supplying of which is conditional on at least one changeof state of at least one electronic control signal received by said atleast one electrically-actuated valve, and iii) at least one electroniccontroller structured and arranged to generate at least one electroniccontrol signal controlling actuation of said at least oneelectrically-actuated valve. 15) The system according to claim 14wherein said at least one electronic controller comprises at least oneprogrammable logic controller comprising at least one computer processorto computer process at least one set of program instructions governingthe output state of such at least one electronic control signal. 16) Thesystem according to claim 15 wherein said at least one electroniccontroller further comprises at least one user programming interface toenable user programming of said at least one set of programinstructions. 17) The system according to claim 12 wherein said at leastone wear layer comprises: a) at least one abrasion-resistant corecomprising a plurality of abutting wear elements each wear element ofsaid plurality comprising a monolithic solid of abrasion-resistantmaterial; b) at least one resilient encapsulator structured and arrangedto substantially encapsulate said at least one abrasion-resistant core;c) wherein said at least one resilient encapsulator comprises said atleast one material-exposed surface, at least one inner encapsulatorsurface spaced opposite said at least one material-exposed panelsurface, and at least one peripheral portion extending peripherallybetween said at least one material-exposed panel surface and said atleast one inner encapsulator surface; 18) The system according to claim17 wherein said at least one inflatable cavity comprises: a) at leastone pressure boundary structured and arranged to provide boundarycontainment of the pressurized air adjacent said at least one innersurface; b) wherein said at least one pressure boundary comprises atleast one peripheral anchor to anchor said at least one peripheralportion to said at least one pressure boundary; and c) in fluidcommunication with said at least one control valve, at least onepressure-boundary air passage structured and arranged to passpressurized air through said at least one pressure boundary to said atleast one inflatable cavity. 19) The system according to claim 18wherein said abrasion-resistant material of each said wear elementcomprises at least one ceramic. 20) The system according to claim 18wherein said at least one resilient encapsulator comprises rubber. 21)The system according to claim 20 wherein: a) said at least one pressureboundary comprises at least one rigid plate having at least one innerboundary face and at least one continuous peripheral sidewall projectingtherefrom; b) said at least one peripheral anchor comprises at least onelinear bar mechanically joined with said at least one inner boundarysurface and firmly imbedded within said at least one resilientencapsulator. 22) The system according to claim 21 wherein: a) said atleast one rigid plate comprises substantially steel; and b) said atleast one mount comprises at least one projection, permitting secureconnection on a user-reachable side of the material handling device, toassist fastening of said at least one deformable liner to the at leastone interior wall surface. 23) A method relating to preventing materialfrom accumulating on at least one interior wall surface of at least onematerial delivery passage during material handling operations, saidmethod comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one deformableliner structured and arranged to deformably line the at least oneinterior wall surface of the at least one material delivery passage,such at least one deformable liner comprising i) at least one deformablewear panel, comprising at least one material-exposed panel surface, suchat least one deformable wear panel structured and arranged to reduceabrasive wear to the at least one interior wall surface during suchmaterial handling operations, and ii) at least one inflatable cavitystructured and arranged to allow pressurized air to be introducedbetween such at least one deformable wear panel and the at least oneinterior wall surface; b) providing at least one incremental deformerstructured and arranged to incrementally deform such at least onedeformable liner by repeatedly inflating and partially deflating such atleast one inflatable cavity; c) mounting such at least one deformableliner adjacent the at least one interior wall surface; and d)periodically deforming such at least one deformable liner by repeatedlyinflating and partially deflating such at least one inflatable cavity bydelivery of the pressurized air in a series of pressure pulses; e)wherein such incremental inflation of such at least one inflatablecavity produces incremental outward deformation of such at least onematerial-exposed panel surface. 24) A system relating to preventingmaterial from accumulating on at least one interior wall surface of atleast one material delivery passage during material handling operations,said system comprising: a) deformable liner means for deformably liningthe at least one interior wall surface of the at least one materialdelivery passage; and b) periodic deformer means for periodicallydeforming said deformable liner means to assist dislodging accumulationsof the material within at least one material delivery passage duringsuch material handling operations; c) wherein said deformable linermeans comprises i) mount means for firmly mounting said deformable linermeans adjacent the at least one interior wall surface ii) deformablewear surface means for reducing abrasive wear to the at least oneinterior wall surface during such material handling operations, and iii)inflatable cavity means for allowing at least one positive-pressurefluid to be introduced between said deformable wear surface means andthe at least one interior wall surface; d) wherein said periodicdeformer means comprises i) fluid access means for accessing the atleast one positive-pressure fluid supplied from at least onepositive-pressure fluid source, ii) in fluid communication with saidfluid access means and said inflatable cavity means control valve meansfor controlling the introduction and discharge of the at least onepositive-pressure fluid into and from said inflatable cavity means, andiii) valve controller means for controlling the opening and closing ofsaid control valve means; iv) wherein said valve controller meanscomprises valve pulser means for cyclically actuating the opening andclosing of said control valve means; e) wherein such cyclic actuation ofsaid control valve means incrementally inflates said inflatable cavitymeans by supplying the at least one positive-pressure fluid in a seriesof pressure pulses; f) wherein such incremental inflation of saidinflatable cavity means produces incremental outward deformation of saiddeformable wear surface means; and g) wherein such incremental outwarddeformation of said deformable wear surface means assists in dislodgingaccumulations of the material within at least one material deliverypassage during such material handling operations.